1. Listen:

Vedantam, S. (Host). (2019, October 7). Screaming into the void: How outrage is hijacking our culture, and our minds [Radio broadcast episode]. Hidden Brain.  (The first 16:45 minutes is required; I recommend the entire episode).

2. Read:

Article

Newman, E. J., Swire-Thompson, B., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2022). Misinformation and the sins of memory: False-belief formation and limits on belief revision. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 11(4), 471–477.

– OR –

Article Notes (more brief):

Notes: Misinformation and false belief

3. Read:

Klepper, D. (2024, January 31). Grave peril of digital conspiracy theories: ‘What happens when no one believes anything anymore?’ AP News. https://apnews.com/article/dangers-of-digital-conspiracy-theories-ec21024be1ed377a35fb235d9fa2af36

4. Read:

Adam, D. (2025, January 10). Does fact-checking work? What the science says. Nature.

5. Read:

Rolzhausen, Y. (2023, September 10). How to fact-check The Atlantic [Subscriber Email]

Useful Resources: 

Kiely, E & Robertson, L. (2016) How to spot fake news. FactCheck.org.

Arce, D. (2024, January 3). Disinformation strategies. Defence and Peace Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2024.2302236